SCIA User Contest 2017 Online Book

76 Category 2: Civil Structures 2 Owner Gemeente Leiden Architect JHK General Contractor Dura Vermeer - Besix Engineering Office Royal HaskoningDHV Construction Period 11/2014 - 04/2017 The parking has 7 stories, is over 22 m deep in total and is the deepest parking garage of the Netherlands. The structure is a circular concrete diaphragm wall with a diameter of 60 m and thickness of 1.2 m. The 30 m long wall of the garage is built without temporary supports. The structure has been constructed using 24 diaphragm curved elements, cast in 3 parts. Next to the pit there is an excavation for the entrance and a hillock with an ancient mill. They disturb the symmetrical radial soil pressure on the wall. The FEM model has been built using plate elements. The 24 curved elements are modelled each using 3 plate elements with rigid connections. The 24 elements are not perfectly round, so the soil pressure causes not only axial forces but also moments and shear in the wall. The bending and shear are increased by the eccentric load. Without continuous tangential rebar, the moment and shear capacity is determined by the axial load. The joint between the 24 curves is a hinge when there is no axial force and acts like a moment spring. The main challenge in the modelling was to model the connections between the plate elements. The stiffness of the joint depends on the axial force. SCIA Engineer does not provide non-linear moment springs for plate elements. This has been solved by manual determination of the joint stiffness. Lammermarkt Underground Parking - Leiden, Netherlands Royal HaskoningDHV Contact Dennis Woudenberg Address George Hintzenweg 85 3068 AX Rotterdam, Netherlands Website www.rhdhv.com We are an independent international engineering and project management consultancy leading the way in sustainable development and innovation. We are driving positive change through innovation and technology, helping clients use resources more efficiently and creating solutions which connect with people to make their lives easier, happier and safer. We are connected through a passion to work on projects that matter and to engineer solutions for our clients that go beyond the original brief. We are connected through work that is enhancing society, contributing to a more sustainable future for our children and our children’s children.