162 3 Category 3: Design of Industrial Buildings and Plants Atelier P.H.A. s.r.o. Contact Hana Gattermayerová, Michal Škoch, Lubica Obročníková Address Gabčíkova 15 182 00 Praha 8, Czech Republic Phone +420 284 685 882 Email [email protected] Website www.p-h-a.cz Software: Scia Engineer Extension of Procter & Gamble Plant - Cairo, Egypt Building geometry and structural system • Total steel weight: 278 tons • Dimensions: Height: +-16 m • Overall length: 36 m • Overall width: 23 m The design was based on Eurocode standards. The static system of the structure is in transverse and longitudinal direction stabilized by bracing. Design software The static analysis was calculated using a 3D model in Scia Engineer software with Linear, Dynamic-seismic and Steel modules. Foundations The structural design of basements was made by a local company based on outputs of our analysis. Wind loads The wind load design was based on Uniform Building Code, vol. 2. and modified to the local Egyptian code • Wind basic speed 145 km/h • Wind pressure 0.996 kN/m2 Technological loads The technological load was given by a mechanical part of the project. The weight of the equipment is considered in two cases: a full and an empty one. These loads were combined for adverse effects on the structure. Horizontal forces in the model represented support reactions of piping, bucket elevators and hoists. Seismic loads The seismic design was based on Eurocode EN1998 The parametres: • Subsoil type - D • Direction - Horizontal • Coeff. accel. ag - 0.4 • ag - design acceleration - 3.92266 • q - behaviour factor - 4 • S soil factor - 1.35 The mass participated values were more than 90% so we could assume that the calculation included higher significant modes. The seismic load was input by the elastic response spectrum using 121 eigenmodes until frequency value 30 Hz. Structural 3D modelling The design process has been worked out in Scia Engineer. The structure has been completely modelled with 26.606 1D beam elements in 3D. Technology, live, dead and seismic loads have been applied to the load-bearing structure. Calculation included several steps: 1. A linear calculation using a 3D frame model for the gravity loads (self weight, dead load, live load, technological load). 2. A dynamic-seismic analysis using a CQC type of the evaluation with a 5% damping. 3. A check of steel elements using a steel module for gravity load. The check of steel elements for seismic loads was calculated separately according to EC8. Parameters of the structure were modified step by step according to the technological demands. The static system of the building is formed by frames with concentric diagonal bracing (dissipative zones in tension diagonals only) in transverse and longitudinal direction. The systems of bracing were active tension diagonal bracings, in which the horizontal forces can be resisted by the tension diagonals only, neglecting the compression ones. Conclusion It was necessary to check a lot of different possibilities to find an optimised and economical solution. The project has been successfully completed and has become operational. Atelier P.H.A. was founded in 1990. The structural engineering group has been a part of Atelier P.H.A. since 1994. P.H.A. deals with design tasks, preparation and implementation of investment projects, engineering activities and is an expert in the field of construction and real estate investments. They prepare expert opinions and participate in the exploration of load-bearing structures in existing constructions. Participation in opinions carried out on structures after the 2002 flood, opinion on the condition and measures taken on load-bearing structures in industrial, high-rise apartment buildings, apartment building regeneration, opinions on the impact of emergency situations - fires, flooding - on load-bearing structures, building passports during reconstruction etc. P.H.A. can take part in cross-border projects in accordance with most standards: Eurocode, Fema-350, UBC97, СНИП and other specific national codes. P.H.A. regularly participates in professional seminars, as well as structural engineer meetings and conferences, lectures and publications in professional newspapers.
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