164 3 Category 3: Design of Industrial Buildings and Plants Software: Scia Engineer Atelier P.H.A. s.r.o. Contact Hana Gattermayerová, Michal Škoch, Lubica Obročníková Address Gabčíkova 15 182 00 Praha 8, Czech Republic Phone +420 284 685 882 Email [email protected] Website www.p-h-a.cz Extension of Procter & Gamble Plant - Dammam, Saudi Arabia Building geometry and structural system Total steel weight: 151 tons Dimensions height: +-16 m Overall length: 26 m Overall width: 10 m The design was based on Eurocode standards. The structure is built inside the existing building and is prepared to support the structure for technological processes. The static system of the structure is in transverse and longitudinal direction stabilized by bracings. Design software The static analysis was calculated using a 3D model in Scia Engineer with the Linear, Dynamic-seismic and Steel modules. Foundations The structural design of the basements was made by a local company based on the outputs of our analyses. Wind loads Wind load design was applied to the external surface of the building. There was no wind impact on the interior structure. Technological loads Technological loads were given by a mechanical part of the project. Weights of equipments were considered in two cases: a full and an empty one. These loads were combined for adverse effects on the structure. Horizontal forces in the model represented supportreactions of piping, bucket elevators and hoists. Seismic loads Seismic design was based on Eurocode EN1998 Parametres: Subsoil type - D • Direction - horizontal • Coeff accel. ag - 0.4 • ag - design acceleration - 3.92266 • q - behaviour factor - 4 • S soil factor - 1.35 Mass participated values were more than 90% so we could assume that the calculation included significant higher modes. Seismic load was input by elastic response spectrum using 121 eigenmodes until frequency 30 Hz. Structural 3D modelling The design process has been worked out in Scia Engineer. The structure has been completely modelled by 14.633 1D beam elements in 3D. Technology, live, dead and seismic loads have been applied to the load-bearing structure. The calculation included several steps: 1. A linear calculation using a 3D frame model for the gravity loads (self weight, dead load, live load, technological load). 2. A dynamic-seismic analysis using a CQC type of the evaluation with a 5% damping. 3. A check of steel elements using a steel module for gravity load. The check of steel elements for seismic loads was calculated separately according to EC8. Parameters of the structure were modified step by step according to the technological demand. The static system of the building is formed by frames with concentric diagonal bracings (dissipative zones in tension diagonals only) in transverse and longitudinal direction. The system of bracing was an active tension diagonal bracing, in which the horizontal forces can be resisted by the tension diagonals only, neglecting the compression ones. Conclusion It was necessary to check a lot of different possibilities to find an optimised and economical solution. The project has been successfully completed and has become operational. Atelier P.H.A. was founded in 1990. The structural engineering group has been a part of Atelier P.H.A. since 1994. P.H.A. deals with design tasks, preparation and implementation of investment projects, engineering activities and is an expert in the field of construction and real estate investments. They prepare expert opinions and participate in the exploration of load-bearing structures in existing constructions. Participation in opinions carried out on structures after the 2002 flood, opinion on the condition and measures taken on load-bearing structures in industrial, high-rise apartment buildings, apartment building regeneration, opinions on the impact of emergency situations - fires, flooding - on load-bearing structures, building passports during reconstruction etc. P.H.A. can take part in cross-border projects in accordance with most standards: Eurocode, Fema-350, UBC97, СНИП and other specific national codes. P.H.A. regularly participates in professional seminars, as well as structural engineer meetings and conferences, lectures and publications in professional newspapers.
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