38
X1
Category 1: Buildings
Client
The company IKEA is known for its modern architectural
designs of various types of appliances and furniture.
Founded in Sweden in 1943 by 17-year-old Ingvar
Kamprad, the company’s name is an acronym comprising
the initials of the founder’s name (Ingvar Kamprad), the
farm where he grew up (Elmtaryd), and his hometown
(Agunnaryd, in Småland, South Sweden). As of 2013,
IKEA has about 340 stores in 40 countries. Over 130,000
employees work for the company, the 47 German stores
employ about 14,500 people. Last year, about 630 million
people visited IKEA stores all over the world, about 100
million in Germany alone.
The Order
The first IKEA City Store has to be built on the smallest
surface - about 10,000 m
2
- that an IKEA Haus has ever
been built. The gross store area covers about 40,000 m
2
,
distributed over four floors, including the underground
floor. Due to the space limit, the required parking space
for 730 customer cars is placed on the top of the building
at the height between 20.5 m and 31 m. It contains four
parking levels. The side ramp structure, about 36 m high,
connected the parkdecks with the street. About 3,000 m
2
of steel stage for the building technical equipment sits
at the height of 36 m above the decks on the top of the
building.
Technical data
The dimensions of the whole building with decks and
ramp are about 140 x 85 x 36 m, it has in plan view an
unregulated form and the walls of the parkdecks are 60°
inclined.
It was divided into two parts for design:
• The main “inside” store building - about
120 x 85 x 21 m (without underground floor) - planned
as a prefabricated solid structure (it was handled
by the main contractor, Klein and Albert Karlsruhe,
directly);
• The “outside” part of the connected parkdecks
and ramp - planned as a composite steel/concrete
structure with a big steel cage for the building
technique above.
Five solid cores of the stairwells and lifts penetrate the
decks and are used together with the bracing for the
stabilisation of the structure. The main challenge was
considering the effects caused by the temperature forces.
The park decks and ramp surface were planned as about
26,000 m
2
of Hoesch Additiv Deck, 12 cm high, based
on composite beams and steel columns. About 2,100 t of
profile steel and 350 t of reinforcement were required.
Software and Model
Scia Engineer was used as the main program for the
processing of the whole project. The decks and ramp
structure was built up in a 3D model 1:1 according to
the architecture planning and boundary of the surfaces,
needed for the production of the execution drawing later.
Very intensive usage of 3D Raster, Layer, Selection and
Material Manager tools was indispensable.
After the required composite beams had been designed
with Kretz software, the settled profiles were integrated in
the 3D model. The dead structure load at the assembly
stage was taken from the beam calculations and
assumed as a point load on appropriate columns. The
eccentricity of all the planned connections was taken
into account. The surface of the decks was considered
then as a 12 cm solid plate on steel support beams with
reduced density.
The solid cores were rebuilt in the model too so as to
consider the effects of the temperature on the “outside”
building part and to define the proper bearing on the
“inside” structure. It had to be calculated at once.
Because of the pliability of the “inside” building structure,
the bearing of the decks and ramp was modelled with
adjusted springs due to the calculated deformations.
Calculation and production
Linear calculation with absences due to load cases for
all beams with small stiffness was processed. The steel
support structure was designed according to EC3.
All documents, overviews, elevations, structural details
and steel quantities for the production were derived
from the 3D model with Document, Picture Gallery and
Drawing Gallery tools. Due to reaction forces of the
bearing, all connection details to the main building were
designed.
Software: Scia Engineer
IKEA Roof Parking Space with Side Ramp - Hamburg Altona, Germany
