Your Project
Technical data of the project
Owner:
Schouwburg Orpheus,
Apeldoorn
Architect:
Architectuurstudio Herman Hertzberger,
Amsterdam
Engineering office:
Adviesbureau voor Bouwtechniek bv,
Velp
General contractor:
Draisma, Thomassen Dura,
Apeldoorn
Length:
81,5 m
With:
58,0 m
Height:
10,0 m (under ground level)
Volume:
35000 m
3
Mass:
230.000 kN
Project description:
The Orpheus complex has a theatre, congress rooms and
a number of facilities for these functions. A main part of
the total complex is an underground parking garage of
three underground levels and a deck that will be part of
the public ground.
The level of floor -3 is 8,5 meter below ground level. The
mean level of the groundwater is 4 meter below ground
level, so the parking garage has to be build in the ground
water.
First the wall of the parking garage has to be made from
the
ground level. The
walls consist
of a concrete
diaphragm wall
with a thickness of 62 cm. The bottom
side of the wall is 13,7 meter below ground level. The wall
will be anchored in the ground
with grouted anchors.
After the concrete has hardened the ground between the
walls will be removed and the ground water will come up
in the construction pit.
At the total surface of the parking
garage vertical grouted anchors will be placed into the
ground to anchor the floor level -3. The anchors will be
placed in a grid of 3 meters square. This floor consists of
an under water poured-in-place concrete with a thickness
of 1 meter in which the anchors will be fixed.
When this
not armoured concrete floor is hardened, the ground
water will be pumped out of the construction pit. Than
another floor of armoured concrete with a thickness of 0,5
meter will be poured-in-place on top of the floor with a
thickness of 1 meter, and also in this floor the anchors will
be fixed.
At this stage there's an open construction pit of
8,5 meter deep. In this pit has to be made two parking-
floors,
with a deck on top of it. These three floors consist
of pre-cast columns, beams and floors. This total pre-cast
structure
will be placed on the floor on level -3 on the
bottom of the pit.
When the floors are assembled, these
floors will form the supports of the walls. The construction
of the parking garage will start in week 37 2002.
Technical questions to be solved
One of the technical questions which is solved with ESA-
Prima Win is the performance of the armoured concrete
floor
with a thickness of 1
meter. There are
many
combinations
made of the loads on this floor in the
building stage and the final stage. This file handles about
the final stage in which the loads out of the floors level -1
and -2 and the deck are active and directed downwards in
combination
with the upwards-directed pressure of the
ground water.
The floor is placed on subsoil (spring support) which can
only produce pressure. The floor can't pull on the ground.
So the downwards-directed loads are supported bye the
subsoil (spring support). Because the pressure under the
columns will be higher than under the surface between
the columns, the sub grade reaction modules is calculated
to be higher.
Under the nodes where the forces out of the
columns are placed, a surface is defined with the higher
modules of sub grade reaction.
In the total floor plate a grid of 3-meter square is defined
in
which the grouted anchors
will be coupled. These
anchors can only deliver a tensile force. It's not possible to
attach a support in a node
with only a tensile reaction
force. To solve this problem an 'infinite' stiff
member is
placed between the floor and each node
with the
support. These members are marked with the non-linear
function "only tensile force". In this way an "only tensile
force node support" is created. The diaphragm
wall is
coupled
with the floor and has also a linear spring
support. The result is that becomes clear which part of the
floor in the final stage is pressed on the soil underneath,
and
which part is anchored
with the grouted anchors.
The soil pressure can be determined, the tensile force in
the anchors, the reaction on the diaphragm wall and the
2D stresses in the concrete to determine what armouring
is needed. Also the deformations of the floor can be
determined.
Use of ESA-Prima Win
Experience with ESA-Prima Win when realising the
project:
ESA-Prima Win makes it possible to combine different non-
linear supports into one file.
A surface spring support with
only pressure, a linear spring support with only pressure,
and a self-defined node support with only tensile forces.
Modules used:
Base
Dutch language
2D Frame
2D Grid
3D Frame
Document
Physical nonlinear conditions (very important)
2D Plate
2D Wall
3D Shell
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